Volume 8A – Marine Transportation – Effects Assessment and Spill Scenarios (pp. 8A–614-615):

Marine spills can have both positive and negative effects on local and regional economies over the short- and long-term. Spill response and clean-up creates business and employment opportunities for affected communities, regions, and clean-up service providers, particularly in those communities where spill response equipment is, or would be, staged (Section 5.5). This demand for services and personnel can also directly or indirectly affect businesses and resource-dependant [sic] livelihoods. The net overall effect depends on the size and extent of a spill, the associated demand for clean-up services and personnel, the capacity of local and regional businesses to meet this demand, the willingness of local businesses and residents to pursue response opportunities, the extent of business and livelihoods adversely affected (directly or indirectly) by the spill, and the duration and extent of spill response and clean-up activities. As an example, positive spill-related economic effects were documented for major spill clean-up areas following the EVOS (McDowell Group 1990). Negative effects on tourism and commercial fishing were also documented, as described below.”

From document introduction: “On December 16, 2013, Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain), a Canadian corporation, submitted an application to the National Energy Board (NEB) seeking authorization to build and operate the Trans Mountain Expansion Project…pursuant to Section 52 of the National Energy Board Act…for a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity…